Under the Data Protection Law Enforcement Directive of the EU, a government can carry out covert investigations involving personal data, as long it is set forth by law and constitutes a measure that is both necessary and what?

Under the Data Protection Law Enforcement Directive of the EU, a government can carry out covert investigations involving personal data, as long it is set forth by law and constitutes a measure that is both necessary and what?
A . Prudent.
B . Important.
C . Proportionate.
D . DPA-approved.

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Answer: C